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Typhoon Maysak, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Chedeng, was the most powerful pre-April tropical cyclone on record in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean, causing severe impacts to the islands of Chuuk and Yap in the Federated States of Micronesia.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/capital-weather-gang/wp/2015/03/31/pacific-super-typhoon-maysak-among-strongest-on-record-so-early-in-the-season/ )〕 The fourth named storm of the 2015 Pacific typhoon season, Maysak formed only a few days after the last system near the equator. The system developed into a tropical depression on March 26, and then a named tropical system the next day. According to the JMA, Maysak became the second typhoon of the year on March 28. The typhoon explosively intensified into a Category 5 super typhoon on March 31. After maintaining that intensity for 24 hours, Maysak weakened, made landfall over Luzon, Philippines as a minimal tropical storm, and dissipated shortly afterwards. Maysak affected Yap and Chuuk in the Federated States of Micronesia, as well as the Philippines. The storm was responsible for five deaths in the Federated States of Micronesia alongside 10 injuries. Damage was estimated at $8.5 million (2015 USD). Estimates from the Red Cross suggested that there were 5,000 people in desperate need of food, water and shelter, and needed emergency assistance. Pacific Maritime Association administrator Melinda Espinosa said "Most concrete structures withstood the fury but everything else was damaged."〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-04-02/cyclone-maysak-red-cross-makes-urgent-appeal-for-help/6368856 )〕 Later, the storm struck the Philippines, causing minimal damage. ==Meteorological history== An area of convection persisted on March 24 to the east-southeast of the Marshall Islands. Initially it consisted of a broad but consolidating circulation, with outflow to the north offsetting moderate wind shear to aid in development. It gradually became better organized, with a curved area of convection wrapping into the center. On March 26, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) classified the system as a tropical depression just east of Pohnpei. On March 27, the JTWC started tracking the system as a Tropical Depression 04W.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/6XKwN4xRO )〕 Moving west-northwestward, the system's center became more consolidated with convective banding becoming wrapped into it. The JTWC upgraded 04W to a tropical storm the same day,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/6XLKarRGh )〕 and the JMA upgraded the depression to Tropical Storm Maysak.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/6XLtO1WUp )〕 On March 28, microwave satellite imagery revealed an eye with central dense overcast obscuring most of the feature;〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/6XN7Duua2 )〕 accordingly, the JMA upgraded Maysak to a severe tropical storm.〔 The storm continued to strengthen while moving westward along the periphery of a subtropical ridge,〔 The eye became more defined and the convection became more consolidated.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/6XNv85Lyn )〕 Early on March 29, the JMA upgraded Maysak further to typhoon status, estimating 10 minute winds of 120 km/h (75 mph).〔 The storm developed good outflow, enhanced by a strong northerly flow,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/6XPQuvEGb )〕 although moderate wind shear kept Maysak from intensifying more quickly.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/6XPQuYHX0 )〕 However, the eye became clearly visible on March 30,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/6XQcth6N7 )〕 and the typhoon rapidly intensified after the shear diminished.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/6XQdQ7O2V )〕 The JTWC reported a wide eye displaying the stadium effect, and surrounded by very deep convection. On n March 31, the agency assessed that Maysak intensified into a Category 5-equivalent super typhoon on the SSHWS, with 1 minute winds of 260 km/h (160 mph). Around that time, the storm was moving through the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), passing just north of Fais Island,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/6XRdJrJJF )〕 and also very near Ulithi. Late on March 31, the JMA estimated peak winds of 195 km/h (120 mph) and a minimum pressure of ,〔 although operationally the agency estimated Maysak was slightly more intense.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/6XSH5wfgF )〕 This made Maysak the most powerful typhoon ever recorded before April, surpassing Typhoon Mitag of 2002, Typhoon Alice of 1979, and Typhoon Harriet of 1959.〔 At peak intensity, Maysak had a nearly symmetric eye with an almost perfect ring of convection around it, with characteristics of an annular tropical cyclone.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/6XSRtw8dj )〕 On April 1, the eye widened to about after undergoing an eyewall replacement cycle,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/6XSS6H2qZ )〕 and the storm began to weaken,〔 with diminished intensity of the convection.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/6XSYlazBA )〕 The convection weakened significant in the storm's southern quadrant due to drier air and worsening upper level conditions.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/6XT1fHLrO )〕 On April 1, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) started tracking Maysak, giving it the local name ''Chedeng''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/6XT2dvMYz )〕 The eye widened further as dry air wrapped into the center,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/6XTzbYtRz )〕 and stronger wind shear diminished the convection.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/6XUNSKXGG )〕 On April 4, the JMA downgraded Maysak to a severe tropical storm, and later that day further to a tropical storm.〔 The storm continued to weaken as it approached the Philippines, and late on April 4 the convection began dislocating from the circulation. On April 5, Maysak made landfall along east-central Luzon as a minimal tropical storm,〔 making it one of only eight storms to strike the island between January and April since 1945. Soon after it degraded into a tropical depression,〔 and the weakening storm crossed Luzon with scattered thunderstorms. After emerging into the South China Sea, the system continued to the west-northwest, and Maysak dissipated on April 7.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Typhoon Maysak (2015)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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